SUBSTITUTION:WVERB+’TO’ 替換：動詞+to
助動詞和動詞后面常接不定式。當不定式后面內容重復時，常將其重復內容省略，只留下to.例如下面這些句子：
I don’t want to go on a diet, but I ought to go on a diet.
He could beat them if he wanted to beat them.
I don’t hav e to help her, I’d like to help her.
He asked me to visit him, and I intend to visit him.這樣說更為自然：
I don’t want to go on a diet, but I ought to.
He could beat them if wanted to.
He asked me to visit him, and I intend to.
SUBSTITUTION: VERBS+’SO’ 替換：動詞+so
我們學過可以在一些動詞后用so來代替重復的內容，這些動詞有hope, think, believe等：
Woman Does the party start at eight?
Man I’m not sure, but think so.
Woman Is it a housewarming party?
Man I believe so.
Woman Will there be food at the party?
Man I hope so.
OMISSION &SUBSTITUTION 省略和替換
看一下下面的對話，這里出現了許多我們見過的句型：
Woman James can’t go to the meeting this afternoon, so I think I will, Are you going?
詹姆斯今天大大開會，所以我覺得我得去。你會去嗎？
Man No, I’m not, but sally is. 我不去。莎莉會去。
Woman Did you discuss sales at the last meeting?上次會上你們討論銷售了嗎？
Man We intended to ,but we didn’t in the end.我們打算討論，可最終沒有討論。
Woamn because we didn’t have the monthly sales figures.因為我們沒有月銷售數。
Woman Have you finished this month’s sales report?你們已經完成了月銷售報告了嗎？
Man I tried to , but I couldn’t. I’ve been so busy.我盡力了，但是沒有完成。我太忙了。
Woamn I can help you do it now, if you want me to.如果你愿意，我可以幫你現在做。
Man Oh, would you?That would be a great. 啊，可以嗎、那可幫我們大忙了。
USING’DO’ AND ‘DOES’FOR EMPHASIS 使用do和does表示強調
請考慮一下該怎樣回答下面這個問題：
Do you like pears?
可以像下面這樣完整地回答出來：
Yes, I like pears.
而要強調自己的話時，可以像下面這樣用：
Yes, I do like pears.
再看下面的幾個例子：
I feel so happy. I do like here.我覺得非常高興，我確實喜歡這里。
Don’t be too hard on them. They do love you, you know.不要對他們太苛刻，他們確實很愛你。
主語是是第三人稱上，要用does:
I do like that red shirt. The colour does suit you.我真的喜歡那件紅襯衫，顏色確實適合你。
She does look nice today, doesn’t she?
她今天看起來氣色真好，不是嗎？
反駁別人說的話，要用表示強調的do.看看下面的對話：
Man It’s a pity that you don’t like Clive .
