四．代詞
代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種。
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單數(shù) |
復(fù)數(shù) | |||||
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第一人稱 |
第二人稱 |
第三人稱 |
第一人稱 |
第二人稱 |
第三人稱 | |
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人稱代詞 |
主格 |
I |
you |
he ,she, it |
we |
you |
they |
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賓格 |
me |
you |
we, you ,they |
us |
you |
them | |
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物主代詞 |
形容詞性 |
my |
your |
his, her, its |
our |
your |
their |
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名詞性 |
mine |
yours |
his, hers, its |
ours |
yours |
their | |
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反身代詞 |
myself |
yourself |
himself
herself
itself |
ourselves |
yourselves |
themselves | |
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指示代詞 |
this, that |
these, those | |||||
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such, same | |||||||
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相互代詞 |
each other |
one another | |||||
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疑問代詞 |
who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever | ||||||
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連接代詞 |
who, whom, whose, what, which | ||||||
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關(guān)系代詞 |
who, whom, whose, what, which, that, as | ||||||
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不定代詞 |
all, another, any(-thing, -body, -one), both , either, each., every(-thing, -body, -one), few, little, many, much, neither, no(-thing, -body, -one), none, one, other, some( -thing, -body, -one), | ||||||
（一） 人稱代詞
1．人稱代詞的順序：
1）單數(shù)的時候：第二人稱＋第三人稱＋第一人稱
例：Mr. Green will give you, him and me something to eat
2）復(fù)數(shù)的時候：第一人稱＋第二人稱＋第三人稱
例：We, you and they can go to the museum on the same bus.
2．注意習(xí)慣用法
--- Who break the window?
--- I. (誤)
--- Me. (正)
--- I did. (正)
3．it的用法
1）it 可指代事物、動物、嬰兒或未知的人。例：
Look at the baby. It’s really cute!
--- Who is that?
--- It’s my mother.
Who is speaking, please? (電話用語)
It’s Mr. Crisp.
2) it 可指代天氣、時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象、環(huán)境等。例：
It’s 9 o’clock.
It’s raining outside.
It’s 20 miles from my home to the school.
3) it 作形式主語或形式賓語，代替不定式、動名詞、主語從句、或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例：
It is said that he was a detective when he was young.
