. 一致關系
英語句子中,主語的人稱和數要限制、決定謂語動詞的形式變化,這就叫“主謂一致”關系。英語主謂一致大致要遵循以下三條原則:1)語法一致原則。主語是單數,謂語動詞用單數形式;主語是復數,謂語動詞用復數形式;2)意義一致原則。主語和謂語的一致不是由主語的語法形式來決定,而是由主語所表達的意義決定;3)就近原則。謂語動詞的單、復數取決于最靠近它的主語。由either....or, neither....nor, not only....but also連接或由here, there等引導的句子,謂語動詞遵循這一原則。解題時,首先確定主語,然后根據這三條原則判斷謂語動詞的數,最后利用時態標志詞和動詞性質來確定動詞的時態和語態。
【語法一致原則】
I .主語的“人稱”決定謂語動詞的形式。
e.g. I love / She loves music . 我/ 她愛好音樂。
II .主語的“數”決定謂語動詞的形式。
1.“不可數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)”或“從句”等作主語,用單數謂語形式。
The work is important . 這項工作重要。
To serve the country is our duty . 為祖國服務是我們的義務。
How and why he left was a sad story .
1.“不可數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)”或“從句”等作主語,用單數謂語形式。
The work is important . 這項工作重要。
To serve the country is our duty . 為祖國服務是我們的義務。
How and why he left was a sad story .
他離開的經過和原因是一段傷心的經歷。
2. 復數的名詞、代詞一般接復數謂語形式。
The children are taken good care of . 孩子們得到很好的照料。
They have gone to Chengdu . 他們去成都了。
III. 以“and ”或“both… and”連接的并列主語:
1.通常作復數用。
Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。
What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和湯姆都喜歡醫學。
2. 如果并列主語指的是“同一個”人(事、物、抽象概念),作單數用。
2. 復數的名詞、代詞一般接復數謂語形式。
The children are taken good care of . 孩子們得到很好的照料。
They have gone to Chengdu . 他們去成都了。
III. 以“and ”或“both… and”連接的并列主語:
1.通常作復數用。
Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。
What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和湯姆都喜歡醫學。
2. 如果并列主語指的是“同一個”人(事、物、抽象概念),作單數用。
The worker and writer has come . 這位工人作家來了。
A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 遠處能看見有一套馬車。
3. “and”前、后的單數詞語都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修飾時,仍作單數用。
Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.
A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 遠處能看見有一套馬車。
3. “and”前、后的單數詞語都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修飾時,仍作單數用。
Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.
這里每個男孩和每個女孩都享有平 等權益。
No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.
No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.
沒有哪個教師或學生可以免于參加這項活動。
Ⅳ. 主語前、后加表示“數、量”等的修飾語時:
1. “many a + 單數名詞 ”接單數謂語, “a good (great ) many + 復名”接復數謂語。.
Many a fine man has died for it . 許多優秀戰士為此獻出了生命。
A great many parents were present at the meeting. 許多家長出席了會議。
2. "a / an +單數名詞+ or two " 大多接單數謂語, "one or two + 復名"接復數謂語。
Only a word or two is needed. 只需說一兩句。
One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一兩條理由。
3. "a / an +單數名詞+ and a half"常接單數謂語;“one and a half +復數名詞”多接復數謂語。.
A year and a half has passed. 一年半已過去了。
One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已賣了一噸半大米。
1. “many a + 單數名詞 ”接單數謂語, “a good (great ) many + 復名”接復數謂語。.
Many a fine man has died for it . 許多優秀戰士為此獻出了生命。
A great many parents were present at the meeting. 許多家長出席了會議。
2. "a / an +單數名詞+ or two " 大多接單數謂語, "one or two + 復名"接復數謂語。
Only a word or two is needed. 只需說一兩句。
One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一兩條理由。
3. "a / an +單數名詞+ and a half"常接單數謂語;“one and a half +復數名詞”多接復數謂語。.
A year and a half has passed. 一年半已過去了。
One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已賣了一噸半大米。