情態(tài)動詞
1. 用法說明與練習見《大學英語語法和詞匯練習手冊》p53-65
2. 情態(tài)動詞的相關句型:
(1)情態(tài)動詞+have done
1) ought to/ should have done 表示本來應該做但沒有做的事。例:
Look what you have done! You should have been more careful.
She was so disappointed; I ought not to have told her the truth.
2) need have done 表示需要做的事但沒有做。例
She was more careful than she need have been.
3) must / can/could/ may/ might/ + have done 表示對過去的猜測。例:
My bag is nowhere to be found. I must have dropped it when was on the bus.
They might/ may have finished the project last month.
◆ 注意
must +原形動詞或進行時表示對現(xiàn)在事情的推測。例:
The line is busy; someone must be using the telephone.
(2) may well, may/ might as well
may well +動詞原形意為“理應”(have good reason); might as well +動詞原形意為“還不如,還是…好了”。 例:
There is nothing to do, so I might as well go to bed.
Their daughter won a gold medal in the race. They may well be proud of her.
(3) can not /never …. too 再…也不過分
You can not be too careful when you fill the application form.
A man can never have too many ties.
【考點一』情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法。
『考點二』情態(tài)動詞+ have done 的用法
『考點三』情態(tài)動詞的基本用法
十.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
用法說明與練習見《大學英語語法和詞匯練習手冊》p3-53
【考點一』現(xiàn)在完成(進行)時與過去完成(進行)時的用法比較。
『考點二』時態(tài)一致
『考點三』移動性動詞(come ,go, stop, arrive, leave, start, stay, etc.)的現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事,過去進行時表示過去計劃要做的時。
『考點四』以主動語態(tài)表示被動意義的詞( read, smell, taste, wash, write, etc,)和后接動名詞表示被動意義的詞( want, need, require, deserve, etc.)。
『考點五』短語動詞的被動語態(tài)。
十一.虛擬語氣
1.用法說明與練習見《大學英語語法和詞匯練習手冊》p103-107
2.虛擬語氣是各類考試中必考的語法,在三級考試中主要出現(xiàn)以下幾種情況:
1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣
A.用wish表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望時,它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為:過去式(be動詞用were)。
B.用wish表示對將來的愿望時,它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為:would, could, might+ 動詞原形。
C.wish用于對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時,賓語從句中的謂語動詞形式為:had+動詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動詞過去分詞。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虛擬語氣用于as if(though)引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中as if…
B.用wish表示對將來的愿望時,它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為:would, could, might+ 動詞原形。
C.wish用于對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時,賓語從句中的謂語動詞形式為:had+動詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動詞過去分詞。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虛擬語氣用于as if(though)引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中as if…
2) would rather+that從句+一般過去時
3) It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/natural/essential+that+(should )+動詞原形;
4) 表示愿望.建議.命令.意志.驚訝等語氣相應的動詞(如ask要求,advise建議, arrange安排,beg請求,command命令,decide決定,demand要求,urge迫切要求,強調(diào),促進,require 需要,request要求,pray請求,desire渴望,determine決定,insist堅持,intend打算,maintain堅持主張,move建議,動員 propose提議,suggest建議,object反對,order命令 ,prefer建議, recommend推薦,vote公認,提議, etc..) 后從句用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),should可以省略。
5) It is time/about time/high time+that+一般過去時:
6) proposal/suggestion+that+(should) 動詞原形;
7) 由連接詞in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的狀語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬形式,即should(might, would)+動詞原形;
【考點一』“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。
記住表示愿望、建議、命令、意志、驚訝等語氣相應的動詞、名詞、形容詞后的從句要用這個結(jié)構(gòu)。并注意should 的省略。
『考點二』記清各類從句虛擬語氣要求的不同形式:
在would rather 后
在wish 后的that 從句中
在if only 引導的感嘆句中
在it is (high, about) time 后的that 從句中
『考點三』記住倒裝虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。
凡句首出現(xiàn)had, should 或were 時,首先考慮是否是虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)if 的省略,然后判斷各自謂語動詞的時態(tài)。
『考點四』正確判斷含蓄條件句。
熟記并迅速找到題干中含蓄條件句的信息詞,如but for, without, otherwise, in case of, but that, etc。利用題中表示時間的信息詞確定含蓄動作發(fā)生的時間,由此確定虛擬語氣的動詞形式。