越來越多的女性選擇整容手術作為圣誕禮物
Bath bubbles and scented candles will simply not do. For a certain type of women who own everything –including very generous family and friends-plastic surgery could make the ideal present.
According to the BBC, more and more women are opting for surgical procedures as Christmas presents, with Botox, tummy tucks and breast enhancements topping some Santa`s lists this year.
Tina Franklin, from Orange Country, Calfornia, says that she has put Botox on her wish-list, because she wants to start 2012 feeling “fresh”.
In an interview with BBC News she explained that, after a break-up with a boyfriend, the bridal make-up artist asked her sister for Botox to target her trouble areas around the crow`s feet, between the eyes and on the forehead.
Luckily for Tina, her sister Nicole Tuzzollno is willing to fork out $650 for the cosmetic treatment which temporarily numbs muscle movement and reduces the appearance of wrinkles.
Ms Tuzzolino admits that she thinks her sister is “a little crazy” and doesn`t think she needs it, but is more than happy to oblige with the plumping present.
Ms Franklin is not alone. The news show reports that the area`s local cosmetic surgeons are doing a busy trade at this time of the year, coping with the Holiday season boom in procedures.
Newport Beach and OC women are famous for their love of a little cosmetic help.
“Living in Orange County, the mecca of plastic surgery, you definitely want to do procedures, including Botox, to soften but not freeze” Ms Franklin said.
She is one of those in the famously looks-driven area, made famous by the TV show The OC.
Dr Tenley Lawton, who Ms Franklin has chosen for her Botox, told the network that procedures run from a few hundred dollars for injections to $15,000 for a tummy tuck and breast augmentation known as a “mommy makeover”.
With increased media attention on beauty and perfection, celebrities and those alike are turning to plastic surgery more and more. Some take out loans for this purpose; one woman spent over $83,000 for 14 surgeries.
Though media and advertising to play a large role in influencing many people`s lives, researchers believe that plastic surgery obsession is linked to psychological disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder is seen as playing a large role in the lives of those who are obsessed with going under the knife in order to achieve physical perfection.
與中國相比，整容手術在歐美國家收到的爭議相對較小，甚至成為一種可以贈送的禮物。的確，隨著現代醫學技術的進步，醫學整容開始風靡全球，越來越多的人參與其中。然而整形美容是具有風險的。不管我們有多么愛美，對待整形美容，都一定要有一個健康良好的心態，不能沉迷其中，否則很難保證不會受到傷害。
整容手術的歷史
Reconstructive surgery were being carried out in India until 800 BC. Sushruta, the father of Surgery, made important contributions to the field of plastic and cataract surgery in 6th century BC. The medical works of both Sushruta and Charak originally in Sanskrit were translated into Arabic language during the Abbasid in 750 AD. The Arabic translations made their way into via intermediaries. In Italy, the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna ) become familiar with the techniques of Sushruta.
British physicians traveled to India to see rhinoplasties being performed by native methods. Reports on Indian rhinoplasty performed by a Kumhar vaidya were published in the Gentleman`s Magazine by 1794. Joseph Constantine Carpue spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods. Carpue was able to perform the first major surgery in the Western world by 1815. Instruments, described in the Sushruta Samhita, were further modified in the Western world.
In World War I, a New Zealand otolaryngologist working in London, Harold Gillies developed many of the techniques of modern facial surgery in caring for soldiers suffering from disfiguring facial injuries. Kazanjian and Blair, hired for plastic surgery by the United States army, learned from Gillies in England. His work was explanded upon during World War II by his cousin and former student Archibald Mclndoe, who pioneered treatments, led to the for RAF aircrew suffering from severe burns. Mclndoe`s radical, experimental treatments, led to the formation of the Guinea Pig Club. In 1946, Gillies carried out the first female-to-male sex reassignment surgery.
規范的整容術始于16世紀，最初僅僅是為保障患者獲得正常生活必要條件的一種單純的畸形矯正醫學治療技術。到了20世紀80年代，人體美不再被視為是一種天然稟賦。人們開始大規模的采用先進科技整飾和改造人體。于是，整形美容業在許多國家星期，開始步入了早期業運作階段。
Something about p0lastic surgery 關于整容手術
Plastic surgery gained legitimacy in the early 20th century by limiting itself to reconstructive operations.
在20世紀早期，整形手術通過將其限制于再造手術而獲得了合法性。
With all the gains to being good-looking, you would think that more people would get plastic surgery or makeovers to improve their looks.
為了能夠變得美麗，你會想到有更多的人去做整形手術或重新大班包裝，以便改善他們的長相。
Plastic surgery is becoming a billion-pound industry in the UK.
在英國，整容手術正成為財源滾滾的高利潤行業。
Venezuela is one of the highest rates of cosmetic surgery in the world.
委內瑞拉是全世界整容手術率最高的國家之一。
While cosmetic surgery procedures in the US increased by 114%, between 1997 and 2007, non-surgical procedures increased by 754%.
在1997到2007年中，美國的整容外科手術增加了114%，而非外科手術增加了754%。
Reconstructive plastic surgery corrects severe functional impairments, fixes physical abnormalities, and compensates for tissue lost trauma surgery.
重建整形手術可矯正嚴重的功能性損傷，修正生理上的畸形，補正因外傷或手術造成的組織缺失。
Two-thirds believe cosmetic surgery will have become common place and one in six think we will look after own health using apps and gadgets than relying on the doctor.
2/3人相信整容外科手術會變成常去的地方，1/6的人認為我們會使用程序和設備照顧好我們自己的健康而不是依賴醫生。
