過去分詞
1. 過去分詞的定義
動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構成，一般只有一種形式。
2. 過去分詞的語法作用：
過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補足語。
1) 過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態。如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。
2) 過去分詞做定語：
單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當于一個定語從句。如：
The excited people rushed into the building. 激動的人們奔進了大樓。
We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。
過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活動嗎？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國專家提出來的建議被經理采納了。
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。
3) 過去分詞做狀語：
過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
①表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業。
②表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。
③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。
④表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續追趕著那個強盜。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴隨情況。如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。
4) 過去分詞作補足語：
過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，用作賓語補語。如：
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時候去醫院檢查你的牙齒？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
當你在作報告時，你應該講響一點使自己被人聽清。
當這類句子變成被動語態時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發現其中一個杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。
動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構成，一般只有一種形式。
2. 過去分詞的語法作用：
過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補足語。
1) 過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態。如：
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。
2) 過去分詞做定語：
單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當于一個定語從句。如：
The excited people rushed into the building. 激動的人們奔進了大樓。
We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。
過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活動嗎？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國專家提出來的建議被經理采納了。
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。
3) 過去分詞做狀語：
過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
①表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業。
②表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。
③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。
④表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續追趕著那個強盜。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴隨情況。如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。
4) 過去分詞作補足語：
過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，用作賓語補語。如：
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時候去醫院檢查你的牙齒？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
當你在作報告時，你應該講響一點使自己被人聽清。
當這類句子變成被動語態時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發現其中一個杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。
1. 過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默不語。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
由于在農村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。
如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨立主格結構。
2. 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語：
have somebody/something do something 不定式作補語必須省去to, 不定式動作由賓語發出，表示一次性的動作。如：
I had the workers do the job for me. 我讓工人們替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆經常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業。
have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發出，強調動作的延續或正在進行。如：
They had the tractor working all the time. 他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。
We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我們不能讓那個孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。
have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關系，通常有兩種情況：
①主語讓別人做某事，強調主語的意志。如：
He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后來，這個中心讓人種了很多樹。
②主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。
He had one eye lost in the war. 在戰爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。
3. 非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：
the bridge to be built 將要建造的橋 （表示將來的動作）
the bridge being built 正在建造的橋 （表示正在進行的動作）
the bridge built 造好的橋 （表示完成的動作）
4. 過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區別：
過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝
The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。
英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
5. 過去分詞和–ing分詞作定語的區別：
過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區別。試比較下面幾組短語：
boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水
developed countries發展的國家 developing countries發展中國家
fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子
changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當那個男孩被問到為何來這里時，他沉默不語。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
由于在農村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。
如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨立主格結構。
2. 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語：
have somebody/something do something 不定式作補語必須省去to, 不定式動作由賓語發出，表示一次性的動作。如：
I had the workers do the job for me. 我讓工人們替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆經常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業。
have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發出，強調動作的延續或正在進行。如：
They had the tractor working all the time. 他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。
We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我們不能讓那個孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。
have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關系，通常有兩種情況：
①主語讓別人做某事，強調主語的意志。如：
He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后來，這個中心讓人種了很多樹。
②主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。
He had one eye lost in the war. 在戰爭中，他失去了一只眼睛。
3. 非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：
the bridge to be built 將要建造的橋 （表示將來的動作）
the bridge being built 正在建造的橋 （表示正在進行的動作）
the bridge built 造好的橋 （表示完成的動作）
4. 過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區別：
過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝
The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。
英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
5. 過去分詞和–ing分詞作定語的區別：
過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區別。試比較下面幾組短語：
boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水
developed countries發展的國家 developing countries發展中國家
fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子
changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況
由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。
高考真題
1. (’06全國I) ____ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
2. (’06全國II) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____ that all children like these things.
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
3. (’06北京) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
4. (’06北京) I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
5. (’06天津) A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ____.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfying
6. (’06重慶) Isn’t it time you got down to ____ the papers?
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
7. (’06四川) The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
8. (’06四川) ____ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
9. (’06廣東) No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performing B. performed
C. to be performed D. being performed
10. (’06廣東) ____ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
A. Having made B. Make C. Making D. To make
11. (’06上海) Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions . It’s no use ____ with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
12. (’06上海) Energy drinks are not allowed ____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made
C. to have been made D. to be making
13. (’06上海) Russ and Earl were auto mechanics ____ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.
A. to earn B. to have earned C. earning D. earned
14. (’06上海) The mother felt herself ____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
15. (’06上海) ____ automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.
A. Mailed out B. Mailing out
C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out
16. (’06江蘇) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ____ the same thing.
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
17. (’06江蘇) ---There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
---My goodness! I can’t imagine ____ that old.
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
18. (’06安徽) My cousin came to see me from the country, ____ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
19. (’06安徽) Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ____.
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
20. (’06福建) ____ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
21. (’06湖北) AIDS is said ____ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been
22. (’06湖北) Don’t sit there ____ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
23. (’06湖南) The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ____ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
24. (’06湖南) If you think that treating a woman well means always ____ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
25. (’06湖南) As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great, national literature were at hand, waiting ____.
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
26. (’06江西) After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit
C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
27. (’06江西) It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ____.
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
28. (’06遼寧) I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most ____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
29. (’06山東) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
30. (’06山東) Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost
C. be missing D. get lost
31. (’06陜西) It is difficult to imagine his ____ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
32. (’06陜西) Faced with a bill for $10,000, ____.
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
33. (’06陜西) He hurried to the booking office only ____ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
34. (’06浙江) When ____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
35. (’06浙江) It remains ____ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
1. I’m going to have my car .
A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix
2. What’s the language in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by
4. He had his leg in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played
11. Don’t get in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom ? ---Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. The children were found in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped
15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
17. No one enjoys fun of in public.
A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make
18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak
19. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix
2. What’s the language in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by
4. He had his leg in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played
11. Don’t get in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom ? ---Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. The children were found in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped
15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
17. No one enjoys fun of in public.
A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make
18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak
19. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
高考真題答案
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.B 26.D 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.B
1---5 C B B B A 6---10 A D D C A
11—15 D B B B A 16---20 B B B B A
11—15 D B B B A 16---20 B B B B A
